Personalized Medicine: The Convergence of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

Abstract

Personalized medicine leverages patient-specific genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic information to optimize therapeutic interventions. Pharmacogenomics elucidates how genetic variations influence drug response, while pharmaceutical nanotechnology enables targeted and controlled drug delivery. The convergence of these fields offers the potential for precision therapy, maximizing efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. This review highlights advances in pharmacogenomic profiling, nanocarrier design, and their integration into personalized therapeutic strategies. Clinical applications, current challenges, and future perspectives are discussed, emphasizing a holistic approach to patient-centered pharmacotherapy.